Dapeng Town Industrial Park, Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
Space structures are widely used in industrial plants, gymnasiums, exhibition halls and other buildings, but condensation problems often affect their functionality and durability. Condensation refers to the phenomenon that when the surface temperature of an object is lower than the dew point temperature of the surrounding air, water vapor in the air condenses into water droplets on the surface of the object.
(1) Select high-quality thermal insulation materials
In the roof and wall systems of space structures, it is very important to use thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. Common thermal insulation materials include rock wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam board, etc. For example, rock wool has good thermal insulation performance, and also has the advantages of fire resistance and sound absorption. It is one of the commonly used materials for thermal insulation of space structures. These thermal insulation materials can effectively reduce indoor and outdoor heat transfer, reduce the difference between the surface temperature of the structure and the dew point temperature of the indoor air, and thus reduce the possibility of condensation.
(2) Ensure the integrity and continuity of the thermal insulation layer
During the construction process, ensure that the thermal insulation layer is laid tightly and without gaps to avoid thermal bridges. Thermal bridge refers to the situation in the enclosure structure where, due to local structural reasons, the heat transfer is faster than other parts, resulting in a lower temperature in that part and condensation is more likely to occur. For example, in the node parts of the space structure, special attention should be paid to the treatment of the insulation layer. Special insulation structures can be used or the thickness of the insulation materials can be increased to ensure the continuity of the insulation effect.
(1) Natural ventilation design
Reasonable natural ventilation design can effectively reduce the humidity of indoor air and reduce the occurrence of condensation. In space structure buildings, natural ventilation facilities such as vents and skylights can be set up to promote the exchange of indoor and outdoor air by using the principles of thermal pressure and wind pressure. For example, in summer, by opening skylights and vents, hot air rises and is discharged outdoors, and fresh cold air enters the room, reducing the indoor temperature and humidity; in winter, proper ventilation can also expel indoor moisture and prevent condensation.
(2) Mechanical ventilation system
For some space structure buildings with high requirements for indoor environment or poor natural ventilation conditions, mechanical ventilation systems can be installed. Mechanical ventilation systems can automatically adjust ventilation volume and ventilation time according to indoor and outdoor environmental parameters to ensure that the quality and humidity of indoor air are within an appropriate range. For example, in industrial plants, when a large amount of moisture is generated during the indoor production process, the mechanical ventilation system can promptly discharge the moisture to the outside to avoid condensation.
(1) Use of dehumidification equipment
In some environments with high humidity, such as swimming pools, cold storage and other space structure buildings, dehumidification equipment can be installed to control indoor humidity. Dehumidification equipment can condense water vapor in indoor air into water and discharge it to the outside, thereby reducing the humidity of indoor air. Common dehumidification equipment includes refrigeration dehumidifiers, rotary dehumidifiers, etc. According to different usage scenarios and dehumidification requirements, appropriate dehumidification equipment can be selected.
(2) Reasonable arrangement of production and use activities
During the use of space structure buildings, production and use activities should be reasonably arranged to avoid excessive moisture. For example, in industrial plants, it is necessary to reasonably control the amount of water used in the production process and promptly clean up the accumulated water generated during the production process; in civil buildings, it is necessary to pay attention to daily indoor cleaning and ventilation, and avoid behaviors that generate a lot of moisture, such as drying clothes indoors.
(1) Application of moisture-proof coating
Applying moisture-proof coating on the metal surface of the space structure can improve the surface’s moisture-proof performance and reduce the possibility of condensation. The moisture-proof coating can form a protective film to prevent water vapor from contacting the metal surface, and at the same time improve the corrosion resistance of the metal surface. For example, some epoxy coatings and polyurethane coatings with moisture-proof functions can be applied to the rods and node surfaces of the space structure.
(2) Use of thermal insulation and decorative integrated panels
Using thermal insulation and decorative integrated panels as the enclosure structure of the space structure can play a role in moisture-proof and decoration while keeping warm. This type of panel usually consists of an insulation layer, a moisture-proof layer and a decorative layer, and has good comprehensive performance. For example, some aluminum plate thermal insulation composite panels, color steel plate thermal insulation composite panels, etc., can not only meet the thermal insulation and moisture-proof requirements of the space structure, but also provide a beautiful architectural appearance.
